When it comes to sublimation printing, not all fabrics are created equal. To achieve vibrant and permanent prints, understanding what kind of fabric can you sublimate on is key. The answer: synthetic materials, with polyester leading the way, are best suited for this printing technique due to their ability to form a tight bond with sublimation inks when heated. This article will guide you through the fabrics perfect for sublimation and the science behind their selection.
Key Takeaways
- Sublimation printing involves a process where special ink vaporizes and permeates the fabric, requiring a sublimation printer, ink, transfer paper, and a heat press, and is ideal for durable, high-quality prints on synthetic fabrics like polyester. Make sure you choose a high quality sublimation printer.
- While 100% polyester and synthetic blends with high polyester content are best suited for vivid and bright sublimation printing, natural fibers such as cotton require special treatments for sublimation ink to bond adequately.
- To ensure the longevity and vibrancy of sublimation prints, it’s important to follow best practices in pre-pressing fabrics, secure transfer paper properly, use compatible inks and printers, and care for sublimated fabrics with gentle washing and drying. Discover the best hoodies and sweatshirts for sublimation through this separate guide.
The Essentials of Sublimation Printing
Sublimation printing is a remarkable printing process that catapults a design from paper onto fabric, using a special ink that transitions from a solid to a gaseous state when heated. Imagine it: the ink particles vaporizing and permeating polyester fabric, becoming an integral part of the material as they solidify upon cooling. This process requires:
- A sublimation printer
- Special sublimation ink
- Transfer paper
- A heat press – read our guide on the selecting high-quality heat press machines for sublimation.
Unlike traditional printing methods, sublimation dye, used in dye sublimation printing, offers several advantages, making it the go-to choice for creating the best sublimation shirts:
- Seamless, full-color images that do not crack, peel, or fade over time
- Vibrant and long-lasting prints
- Ideal for a wide range of applications, from personalized clothing to custom decor.
Ideal Fabrics for Dye Sublimation Success
The magic of sublimation printing is brought to life when the right synthetic fabric meets the right technique. Synthetic fibers such as polyester, polypropylene, and Lycra are prime candidates due to their strength, durability, and the bright, vivid prints they can produce. Each fabric type offers unique characteristics, which we’ll delve into in the following subsections.
Polyester: The Star of Sublimation
Polyester holds a special place in the realm of sublimation printing. Why? Because 100% polyester fabric undergoes a transformation at a molecular level when exposed to heat, allowing the sublimation ink to become one with the fabric. These small, receptive fibers of polyester create a tight bond with sublimation ink, yielding high-quality, durable transfers.[1]
Fabrics like Oxford, Tactel, and crepe, all made from 100% polyester, offer high durability and versatility. Whether you’re creating sportswear or party attire, polyester fabrics can handle the heat and complexity of sublimation printing. Moreover, 100% polyester fabrics are ideal for all-over printing, accommodating a wide array of items, including:
- uniforms
- towels
- curtains
- clothing
Blending In: Polyester Mixes
It’s not all about pure polyester. Sublimation prints can also be achieved with polyester blends, especially those containing a high polyester content. These blends can produce impressive results. However, as the ratio of polyester decreases, the vibrancy and saturation of the print tend to diminish. For instance, a poly cotton knit blend with 96% polyester and 4% cotton can deliver a softer touch, while a polyviscose blend with 67% polyester and 33% viscose offers comfort with varying levels of vibrancy.
Choosing a polyester blend for sublimation printing requires a careful balance. You need to consider the fabric’s feel, the garment’s functionality, and the desired vibrancy and longevity of the printed design.
Beyond Clothing: Other Fabrics That Welcome Sublimation
Sublimation printing doesn’t limit itself to clothing. Fabrics like polypropylene and neoprene, with polyester compositions of 100% and 98% respectively, are excellent choices for items requiring breathability, lightness, and stretchiness, such as marine gear, protective clothing, and women’s apparel. Even sequin fabric, though delicate to handle during sublimation, can yield stunning results for evening wear and costumes. However, it is important to note that sublimated cotton apparels are not suitable for this printing technique due to the nature of the fabric.
But the realm of sublimation extends even beyond fabrics. Hard surfaces equipped with a poly-coating can be sublimated too, making it possible to customize items like:
- mugs
- coasters
- phone cases
- home décor
- hats
The versatility of sublimation printing opens up a world of extensive customization options.
The Challenge with Cotton and Natural Fibers
While synthetic fibers thrive in sublimation printing, cotton and natural fibers like silk face challenges. These fibers do not bond well with sublimation inks, leading to poor quality and short-lived prints. But don’t despair! Special coatings or treatments can be applied to these fibers to create a polymer layer that can bond with sublimation inks, improving the print quality.[2]
It’s important to note that the effectiveness of these treatments can vary in terms of color brightness and resistance to fading after washing. Different natural fibers, such as cotton fabric, bamboo, canvas, modal, linen, and rayon offer unique properties and benefits.
and their blends, require specific coatings or blends with synthetic fibers to improve ink bonding and print longevity.
Sublimation Paper and Transfer Techniques
Sublimation paper, a vital player in the sublimation process, holds the sublimation ink and releases it with clarity and vibrancy under heat during the transfer process. The print area of the paper has a special polyester coating to contain the dye ink, facilitating its transfer when exposed to heat.
For successful transfers, follow these steps:
- Accurately align and secure the printed sublimation paper on the item with thermal tape.
- Mirror the design before printing.
- Use a heat press to apply heat and pressure to the sublimation paper and fabric.
- The ink on the sublimation paper will turn into gas and permeate the fabric, resulting in a permanent and durable print.
For larger designs, all-over printing utilizes a large heat press to transfer designs from sublimation paper onto the entire area of the fabric. It’s also essential to ensure you’re using an inkjet printer compatible with dye sublimation ink, and consider trying different papers to achieve the best results.
Maximizing Quality: Tips for Best Sublimation Results
Quality is paramount in sublimation printing. There are several steps you can take to maximize the quality of your prints. Pre-pressing garments or fabric helps remove moisture and contaminants, reducing color shifting and image bleeding during sublimation. A simple tool like a lint roller can ensure cleanliness. Temperature settings are also crucial, with optimal settings varying by substrate; typically around 400°F (204°C), but specific materials like vinyl require different settings.
To prevent ghosting – a blurry or double image – and maintain the print’s quality, follow these steps:
- Secure the transfer paper with heat-resistant tape.
- Remove the paper in one fluid motion after pressing.
- Let the item cool with the paper attached before removing.
- Conduct texture and resistance tests after sublimation to check for any material damages.
- Pre-treat stains before washing.
By following these steps, you can prevent ghosting and ensure the quality of your print.
Sublimation Printers and Ink: Making the Right Choice
Choosing the right sublimation printer and ink is a decision that can significantly impact your sublimation printing experience. When selecting a printer, consider your budget, intended use, and whether the printer is for casual use or small business operations. You have a choice between purpose-built sublimation printers, like the Sawgrass Virtuoso SG500, which offer specialized support and high-resolution prints, and converted inkjet printers, such as the Epson EcoTank, which are more affordable but may void warranties.
Sublimation inks are another key consideration. Different inks vary in properties such as:
- Eco-friendliness
- Quick-drying capabilities
- Color accuracy
- Vibrancy
It’s crucial to ensure compatibility between your printer and the sublimation inks. For example, Epson UltraChrome DS Ink is designed for Epson SureColor printers, while Sawgrass Sublijet HD ink is formulated specifically for Sawgrass printers.
Caring for Sublimated Fabrics
Once you’ve created your vibrant, sublimated masterpiece, you’ll want to ensure it stays looking its best. Caring for sublimated fabrics involves:
- Machine washing them in cold water, inside-out, on a gentle cycle with similar colors and mild detergent.
- Overloading the washer is a no-no. Sorting your sublimated garments by color and fabric type before washing can prevent color bleeding.
- It’s best to follow the care label instructions.
Use high-quality, color-safe detergents and avoid bleach unless explicitly permitted. Opt for a gentle wash cycle and cold water to prevent fading. Limit dryer time by using a low heat setting or air-drying when possible. Regular inspection for wear and loose threads can extend the lifespan of your cotton shirts.
For more intricate sublimated items, consider professional dry cleaning to maintain color vibrancy and overall quality.
Custom Designs and All Over Printing
Sublimation printing offers a world of creative possibilities for sublimation shirts, including:
- Intricate custom designs
- All-over prints that cover the entire surface of a garment
- Detailed and distinctive designs
- 3D effects that add value and uniqueness to fashion collections
The sky’s the limit with sublimation printing on your favorite t shirt.
Software programs like Audaces Fashion Studio even allow designers to create detailed 3D environments for sublimation printing.
Fabric Faux Pas: What to Avoid in Sublimation
Sublimation printing is a versatile method, but certain fabrics and conditions can hinder the process and the final result. Dark fabrics, for instance, can significantly affect the brightness and clarity of the final print, making them unsuitable for sublimation. Fabrics with low polyester content, specifically less than 70%, will have inferior print quality during sublimation, resulting in a faded appearance.
Certain fabrics like polyamide (PA) and polyviscose (PV) can stain after sublimation printing, undermining the print’s aesthetic. And some performance fabrics may leave a distinct mark from sublimation paper, impacting the visual quality.
Summary
Sublimation printing is a powerful tool in the world of customization, offering unparalleled vibrancy, durability, and versatility. From the basics of the sublimation printing process to the best fabrics for sublimation, we’ve explored the ins and outs of this fascinating method. We’ve learned how to maximize the quality of our prints, make smart choices with printers and inks, and care for our sublimated creations. With this knowledge, you’re equipped to dive into the vibrant world of sublimation printing and bring your unique designs to life.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I sublimate on any surface?
Yes, you can sublimate on a wide range of surfaces including ceramic, wood, slate, stone, metal, and even stones, as well as dark or black substrates. This allows for sublimation decoration on various hard substrates.
Can I sublimate on 100% cotton?
No, sublimating directly on 100% cotton will result in fading after washing. Use sublimation coating spray or heat transfer vinyl as a barrier to print on 100% cotton shirts.
What materials can you not sublimate on?
You cannot sublimate on materials like cotton and dark fabrics as they are not compatible with sublimation ink. Sublimation works best on white or pale pastel colors.
What role does sublimation paper play in the process?
Sublimation paper holds the sublimation ink and releases it with clarity and vibrancy under heat during the transfer process, ensuring high-quality printing.
How can I maximize the quality of my sublimation prints?
To maximize the quality of your sublimation prints, pre-press garments, use optimal temperature settings, prevent ghosting, and conduct texture and resistance tests after sublimation. These steps will help ensure the best results for your prints.
References
- Vigneswaran, C., Ananthasubramanian, M., & Kandhavadivu, P. (2014b). Bioprocessing of synthetic fibres. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 189–250). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-93-80308-42-5.50004-4
- Elmogahzy, Y. E., & Farag, R. (2018c). Tensile properties of cotton fibers. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 223–273). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-101272-7.00007-9
